Environmental factors correlate with hybridization in stocked brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis)

نویسندگان

  • Amandine D. Marie
  • Louis Bernatchez
  • Dany Garant
چکیده

Stocking is a common practice throughout the world that may increase hybridization between wild and domesticated populations. Stocking intensity alone does not always fully explain the observed patterns of hybridization, suggesting that the intensity of hybridization may be modulated by environmental factors. Using brook charr (i.e., brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis) as a model, the objective of this study was to assess the relative effect of environmental factors and stocking intensity on the level of hybridization observed within brook charr from 15 lacustrine populations of two wildlife reserves in Quebec, Canada. The level of hybridization significantly increased with (i) the number of stocking events, (ii) a reduction in both surface area and maximum depth of lakes, and (iii) a reduction in dissolved oxygen and an increase in temperature and pH. These results suggest that levels of hybridization were affected by the availability and quality of lacustrine habitats as well as by the extent of propagule pressure. Our study provides the first demonstration that knowledge of environmental features may help predict the effects of stocking on the genetic integrity of wild populations. Résumé : L’ensemencement est une pratique répandue dans le monde entier qui pourrait accroître l’hybridation de populations sauvages et domestiquées. L’intensité des ensemencements à elle seule ne peut toujours expliquer les patrons d’hybridation observés, ce qui porte à croire que l’intensité de l’hybridation pourrait être modulée par des facteurs environnementaux. En utilisant l’omble de fontaine (Salvelinus fontinalis) comme modèle, l’étude avait pour but d’évaluer les incidences relatives de facteurs environnementaux et de l’intensité des ensemencements sur le degré d’hybridation observé chez des ombles de fontaine de 15 populations lacustres dans deux réserves fauniques du Québec (Canada). Une augmentation significative du degré d’hybridation est corrélée (i) au nombre d’ensemencements, (ii) à une diminution de la superficie et de la profondeur maximum des lacs et (iii) à une diminution de la teneur en oxygène dissout et une augmentation de la température et du pH. Ces résultats suggèrent que la disponibilité et la qualité des habitats lacustres ainsi que l’ampleur de la pression de propagule avaient une incidence sur les degrés d’hybridation. L’étude démontre pour la première fois qu’une connaissance des caractéristiques environnementales pourrait aider à prédire les effets de l’ensemencement sur l’intégrité génétique de populations sauvages. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2012